Key Takeaways

• Hormonal birth control methods, such as oral contraceptives, the birth control patch, injections, and hormonal IUDs, utilize synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy.
• Non-hormonal birth control methods, including barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps, as well as the copper IUD and fertility awareness-based methods (FAMs), do not involve the use of hormones.
• Permanent methods, such as tubal ligation and vasectomy, offer irreversible solutions for individuals or couples who have completed their desired family planning.

Birth Control Options

Hormonal Birth Control

1. Oral Contraceptives (The Pill): Oral contraceptives, colloquially known as "the pill," consist of synthetic hormones—typically a combination of estrogen and progestin, or progestin alone. These hormones function by suppressing ovulation, thinning the uterine lining, and thickening cervical mucus, effectively preventing sperm from fertilizing an egg. When taken consistently and correctly, oral contraceptives demonstrate high efficacy.
2. Birth Control Patch: The birth control patch is a small adhesive patch worn on the skin that releases hormones (similar to those found in oral contraceptives) through transdermal absorption. It necessitates weekly replacement to maintain its contraceptive effects.
3. Birth Control Injection: The birth control injection, commonly referred to as Depo-Provera, is an injectable contraceptive administered every three months. It contains a progestin hormone that inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucus. This method offers long-lasting protection against pregnancy with minimal effort.
4. Hormonal IUD: A hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) is a small T-shaped device inserted into the uterus by a healthcare professional. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and may prevent ovulation. They provide extended contraception and remain effective for several years, depending on the specific type.

Non-Hormonal Birth Control

1. Barrier Methods: Barrier methods, such as condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps, physically obstruct sperm from reaching the egg. They create a barrier between sperm and the cervix, preventing fertilisation. These methods are easily accessible, affordable, and additionally offer protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
2. Copper IUD: The copper IUD, known as a non-hormonal IUD, is structurally similar to the hormonal IUD. However, it is wrapped in a thin copper wire, which acts as a spermicide. Copper creates an environment toxic to sperm, effectively impeding fertilization. This highly effective method offers long-term contraception for up to 10 years.
3. Fertility Awareness-Based Methods (FAMs): FAMs involve tracking menstrual cycles, basal body temperature, cervical mucus consistency, and other fertility signs to determine fertile and infertile periods. This method requires meticulous monitoring and adherence to guidelines to achieve optimal effectiveness. FAMs are most suitable for individuals with regular menstrual cycles and a strong commitment to tracking their fertility.
4. Permanent Methods: For individuals or couples who have concluded their desired family planning, permanent birth control methods such as tubal ligation (female sterilization) or vasectomy (male sterilization) provide a permanent solution. These surgical interventions are irreversible and require careful consideration.

Choosing the right type of Birth Control